Election process in India

 Parliament of india is supreme legislative of republic of india.

• Organs of government 

1. Legislatur ➡ makes laws for the country
2. Executive ➡implements laws in the country 
3. Judiciary  ➡protect laws in the country

• Three levels of government

                     Central government 

                                   ⬇

                        State government 

                                   ⬇ 

                       Local government (At village level called panchayati Raj)

Head of nation=President 

Head of government =Prime minister

Parliament of india comprises of President and the two houses- Rajya sabha( upper house) and Lok sabha ( lower house).

The basic function of the parliament is to make laws for the country with the help of these two houses ( chambers). This amendment bill must be passed by each house of the parliament and there after is implemented in the country after approval of the president.

• Elections at differenet levels for direct representative 

MLA= member of legislative assembly 

MLC= member of legislative council 

MP=  member of parliament 

• Types of elections-

  

Central legislative body

According to constitution of india, Rajya sabha comprises of 250 seats where as Lok sabha comprises of 545 seats. These members meet in the parliament. These meetings are held under the president  who has the right to call or cancel these meetings.

• Lok Sabha Election

Lok sabha elections are held in every 5 years and its members are directly elected by the people of india by voting. Lok sabha has a total of 545 seats, out of which 2 seats are nominated by the president for Anglo- Indian community.

    

Out of these 543 seats, the party which wins with the majority votes, forms the government. There after the leaders of the winning party becomes Prime Minister.

• Rajya Sabha Elections

Rajya Sabha members are indirectly elected by the people. There is a total of 250 seats in the Rajya Sabha, out of which 238 members are elected btly the MLAs of different states and union territories. The remaining 12 members are appointed by the president of india.

• State Assembly Elections

The MLA of every state is directly elected by the people by voting. These elections are also held in every 5 years like in Lok Sabha election.

After election, whichever party wins with majority, forms its government in that state. And the leader of that party is selected as a Chief Minister of that state by the MLAs.

 

Ankita lokhande's reaction on sushant singh rajput's death

Bollywood actor Sushant Singh Rajput is no longer with us. 34 years o Sushant hanged himself in his flat and killed himself. Due to which the entire bollywood industry is  shocked.
Ankita Lokhande, Sushant's first girlfriend, has been in huge shock since the news of Sushant's suicide. As soon as a news reporter called her to know her reaction, her reaction was full of shock. Ankita said only one word 'What' and then hung up in tears.
As you know, at one time this pair was known as the most beloved couple. Both of them used to work together in the Tv show 'Pavitra Rishta' and popularly known as Manav-Archana.

Ankita Lokhande has recently engaged to her boyfriend Vicky Jain. Ankita did not even know that she would be engaged on 11 june 2020 and Sushant's news of suicide would come on 14 june 2020 i.e within a week.

Ankita Lokhande with boyfriend Vicky Jain

However, after Sushant Singh Rajput's death, Ankita was also targeted by the people when she shared such a post on her insta story

But when people criticise her, she soon deleted it. Such a post by Ankita is now forcing people to think whether she is connected with this case?
Now let us know what do you think about it in the comment section below.

List of schemes by modi government

Ever since modi ji's government has come to the center, plans and schemes are being made by the center continuously. 

Lets see the list of yojana and schemes made by modi sarkar.

Modi ji's government came into action in 2014, therefore here is the list of schemes launched in the year 2014.

	Scheme/ programe	Date of launch	Objective of scheme
1	Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojna	28 August 2014	To connect more people in financial service
2	Skill India Mission	28 August 2014	To train youth in industry related jobs
3	Make In India	28 September 2014	promoting multinational & domestic companies to manufacture with in the country
4	Swachchh Bharat Mission	2 October 2014	Aimed at eliminating open defecation in rural area by 2 October 2019
5	Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojna	11 0ctober 2014	To save girl child & ensure the welfare services delivered to them
6	Shramev Jayate Yojna	16 October 2014	Plan dedicated to labour development

The prime minister serves on 'the pleasure of the president', hence, a prime minister may remain in office indefinitely, so long at the president has confidence in him/her.

However, the members of the Lok Sabha hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved.

Therefore, the schemes launched in the very next year of becoming prime minister are here-

	Scheme /  Programme	Date of launch	Objective of scheme
1	Hriday Plan	21 January 2015	Planning, development, implementation
2	Beti Bachao Beti Padhao	22 January 1015	Aim is to promote girls education & to improve the welfare survices meant for girls
3	Sukanya Samridhi Yojana (Girl Child Prosperity Scheme)	22 January 2015	Ensures a girl child's financial independence, stability & fulfilment of long-term life goal
4	PM Mudra Yojana	8 April 2015	To provide loan upto Rs 1 lakh to non-corporate, non-farm, small micro enterprises
5	Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana	April 2015	To skill large number of youth in industry relevant training & also to certify under recognition of prior learning
6	Ujala Yojana	1 May 2015	To promote the efficient usage of energy for all (i.e consumption, saving & lighting)
7	Atal Pension Yojana	9 May 2015	Aims at providing minimum guaranteed monthly pension after the age of 60 years for all
8	Prime Minister Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana	9 May 2015	Life insurance of Rs 2 lakh for people b/w 18 to 50 years at premium of ₹330 per annum
9	Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana	9 May 2015	General insurance/accident insurance for people b/w age of 18 to 70 years of 2 lakh at premium of ₹12 per annum
10	Smart City Scheme	25 June 2015	Developing 100 selected cities of the country as smart cities till 2020
11	Amrut Plan	25 June 2015	Development in basic civic requirements in more than 500 cities having more than 1 lakh population
12	Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awas Yojana	25 June 2015	Provides financial assistance to rural poor for constructing their house themselves
13	Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Jan Aushadhi Kendra	1 July 2015	Making quality medicine available at affordable prices for all
14	Digital India Mission	2 July 2015	To make available government services to citizens electronically
15	National Career Services(India)	20 July 2015	Objective is to help job seekers land up at the job they deserve
16	Gold Monetization Scheme	5 November 2015	mobilizing gold held by household and institutions(lying at home & lockers) in productive use
17	Sovereign Gold Bond Scheme	5 November 2015	To reduce demand for physical gold and shift a part of it for domestic saving
18	Uday	20 November 2015	To find a permanent solution to the financial mess that power distribution is in

 The schemes launched in the third year (i.e in 2016) of becoming PM are here-

	Scheme/ Programme	Date of launch	Objective of scheme
1	Start-up India	16 January 2016	To catalyse start-up culture and build a strong enterpreneurship

Ramayan in different languages and countries

||SitaRam||

If we look through the languages, we will know that it's list is long. Ramayan is already composed in many languages. They are as follows-
Angami
Balinese
Bengali
Khmer
Chinese
Gujarati
Jawai
Kannada
Kashmiri
Khotani
Lao
Malaysian
Marathi
Odia
Prakrit
Sanskrit
Santali
Sinhala
Tamil
Telugu
Thai
Tibetic
Kabi

In india alone, the ramayana has been composed in more than 15 languages. Namely-
Amar ramayan
Charitra ramayan
Dinkar ramayan
Hanuman ramayan
Hrdayaraam
Jagmohan ramayan
Janaki ramayan
Kamba ramayan
Karkvin ramayan
Maithili ramayan
Prem ramayan
Priyanka ramayan
Radheshyaam ramayan
Ramavatar charitra
Ramcharitramanas
Shankar ramayan
Tarachand ramayan
Tokha ramayan
Vishnu pratap ramayan

The story of ram and sita is also prevalent in foreign countries. Let us know in which countries this story is important.
Kinras puns pa - Tibet
Kakawin - Indonesia
Hikayat seri ram - Malaysia
Yamayana - Burma
Hobustsushu - Japan
Phra lak phra ram - Laos
Ramakien - Thailand
Khotani ramayan - Turkistan
Jeevan jatak - Mangolia
Masihi ramayan - persia
Reamker - Cambodia
Maharadia lawana - Philippines
Amd many more

States and union territories of india 2020

States and union territories of india 2020

After bifurcation of state Kashmir into two union territories namely Jammu & Kashmir and ladakh on 31 October 2019 and two union territories merged to be a single union territory namely Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu, there are total of 28 states and 8 union territories in india.

28 states with their capital-

Following are the 8 union territories-

http://knowledgeseriesnow.blogspot.com/2020/05/states-and-union-territories-of-india.html

States and union territories of india from 2018

States and union territories of india from 2018

According to Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act 2014, the state Andhra Pradesh was bifurcated into two states namely Telangana and Andhra Pradesh with their common capital Hyderabad. On 2 June 2014, after bifurcation, there were a total of 29 states and 7 union territory in india till the year 2019.

Map of india after establishment of Telangana in 2014

On 5th August 2019, a historical action performed by the government of india, and that was to remove article 370 from the country and split the state Kashmir into two union territories namely Jammu & Kashmir and ladakh. But this act was implemented from 31st October 2019. Since 31st October is the birth date of sardar vallabhai Patel. Hence, this day is also celebrated as unity day from the year 2019.
Therefore, from 31 October 2019, there were 28 states and 9 union territories in india.

Bifurcated Jammu & Kashmir and ladakh from 31 October 2019

But on 26 January 2020, another action performed by indian government. On this day, two union territories, that is Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli, were merged to be a single union territory, due to which there are  total of 8 union territories.
Hence, after 26 January 2020, there are 28 states and 8 union territories in the country.




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The roman numbers

The roman numbers

As the name suggests, the roman numbers is given by rome. From the 14th century, the arabic number is used instead of the roman number. It took time for this change to happen. Even today, roman numbers are used in many places. So let's understand it in easy way-
As we know, some symbols represent some numbers. They are as follows-

Numbers   Denoted as
1 -I

5 - V
10 - X
50  - L
100 -C
500  -D
1000 -M
5,000  - V̅
10,000 - X̅

50,000  - L̅

100,000 -C̅

500,000  -D̅

1,000,000 - M̅

Now, let's use these symbols to write roman numerals and easy way to understand it.

(For now, let's use symbols till M)

Here are some roman numbers which are designated by following Arabic numbers-

Table 1

Now, you may understand the following table

Table 2

Now, you must be wondering that why 40 is written in this way. To know this just follow the table no. 1
By following table 1, you will be able to understand the next table also

Table 3

If you could understand all of these then congratulations, now you have become the champion of writing roman numbers.
Go and try some more.
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New years in india

New years in india

As we all know that new year is celebrated on the first day of the year that is on 1 january. According to gregorian calendar, this new year is mostly celebrated in western countries on the mentioned date. However, now india also celebrates first january with great pomp.
But, do you know that apart from 1 january, there are many other days when new year is celebrated in india.

Everyone knows about india that india is a country where people of different religions live and live with them their culture, so let's know more about it.

New year days-

• Nowrouz    - Parsis new year  -in the month of march (20 March 2020)

• Ugadi    - Telugu new year- in the month of march (25 March 2020)

• Gudi padwa - Marathi new year- in the month of march (25 March 2020)

• Cheti Chand - sindhi new year - second day of chaitra month (25 March 2020)

• Navreh    - Kashmiri new year- in the month of chaitra ( according to hindu calendar)

• Chaitti and Basoa- new year in the state of himachal pradesh- first day of chaitra month and first day of baisakh month.

• Mahavishuva sankranti ( also known as pana sankranti) - odiya new year - 13 April 2020.

    

• Baisakh  - punjabi new year - 13 April 2020.

• Puthandu  -Tamil new year - 14 April 2020.

• Pohela Boishakh  - Bengali new year -14 April 2020.

• Vishu   - Malayalam new year - 14 April 2020.

• Jude sheetal  - Maithili new year - 14 April 2020.

• Bohag bihu(also known as Rongali Bihu)   - Assamese  new year  - 14 April 2020 to 20 April 2020.

• Hijri  - Islamic new year -  19 August 2020

• Diwali is the most important  festival in india also known as Hindu new year.

• Next day of Diwali  -Jain new year - first day of the month of kartik (according to hindu calendar)

• Bestu Varas  - Gujarati new year - 15 November 2020

• Losoong  - Sikkimese new year  - in December month.

     

Birth of earth

BIRTH OF EARTH

Earth  is the only planet where there is life in the entire galaxy. We know this thing, but today we will know where life came from on this earth.
We know that galaxy means the group of stars and today we will know more about the star called sun.

Sun belongs to the galaxy called the milky way. There are about 100 thousand million stars in the milky way alone.

Galaxy has about 500 solar systems and one of them is our solar system. The formation of this solar system took place about 4.5 billion years ago.

System of planets and sun

When a big cloud of dust and smoke began to flow and gather due to gravity, it started taking the shape of a disc called solar Nebula and it became a big burning ball of smoke. That's how the sun formed.

Our sun is the biggest object in the solar system. It is so big that it's surrounding rocks and gases left over after its formation started joining together and hence this solar system, system of sun and planets, formed and so our earth.

Starting period of formation of earth 

In the beginning, it was just a hot fiery ball which had carbon dioxide, nitrogen and other gases. Oxygen was not there at that time.
At the time when earth was being formed, another new planet named Theia collided with the earth and some part of earth came out of it and started gathering, which also started to rotate in the earth's gravity. This leads to formation of moon.

 Gradually, the fall of the meteoroids on the earth also decreased and the surface of the earth started to solidify. With the change of time, the lava inside the earth started coming out of the volcanoes and many other gases, which reacted and formed water vapour and hence, cloud formation took place.
For years, the water falling from the clouds started solidifying lava to give rise to the earth and also gave birth to the oceans.
 Due to oceans, many living creatures started to arise and completely changed the earth.

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